VOCABULARY BUILDING

Complete each sentence with words from the chart in Exercise A. Use the same word for both blanks of each item, and write the part of speech (N) for noun or (V) for verb in the parentheses after each blank.
1. What causes (V) air pollution? One cause (N) is traffic.
2. Some people avoid subways because of the big crowds (N) of people who crowd (V) onto the trains of the mass-transit system twice a day.
3. Can we solve the problem of overcrowding? No one can answer (V) this question. We don’t have the answer (N).
4. In some cities, people without houses (N) may have to sleep in the streets. It is difficult to house (V) all the people who need apartments.
5. The cost of housing doesn’t go down; it increases (V) every year. Often old people with little money have to move because of the increase (N).
6. A recent study (N) has shown that indoor air pollution is a growing problem. Experts are studying (V) the situation and trying to find solutions.
7. People who live in big cities often worried (V) about crime. Worry (N) can cause illness.
8. The dream (N) of some people is to move to a quiet rural area. Other people dream (V) of moving to a city.

Complete each sentence with the missing words from the chart above. Use forms of the base word (the words to the left of each section), and write the part of speech (N) for noun , (V) for verb, (Adj) for adjective and (adv) for adverb in the parentheses after each blank.
1. Solve: They are trying to find a solution (N) to the problem of overcrowding, but this is a difficult problem to solve (V).
2. Pollute: Most people know about air pollution (N) in big cities, but they’re just beginning to learn about the many pollutions (N) that we have inside buildings.
3. Crowd: There are crowds (N) of people everywhere; the mass transit system is especially crowded (Adj).
4. Safe : The city is not safe (Adj) because of crime. People can’t leave their homes safely (Adv) at night, and the police don’t provide for their safety (N).
5. Live, suburb : Many people prefer to live (V) in the suburbs (N); they say that suburb (Adj) life (N) is more pleasant than city living.
6. Predict , worse : Some people predict (V) that urban life will get worse (Adj); according to their predictions (N), conditions will be worse (Adj) every year.
7. Differ : The causes of indoor air pollution are different (Adj) from area to area. One reason for the difference (N) is that people heat their homes differently (Adv). People in some areas burn wood for heat; in other areas they use something different (Adj).

A. Find this words in your dictionary. Write the part of speech on the lines before each word, (N) for noun , (V) for verb, (Adj) for adjective and (adv) for adverb. Some words, in different contexts, can be more than one part of speech.

1. Adj terrible
2. N; V discipline
3. N; V value
4. Adj; NOriginal
5. Adj Pleasant
6. N; V Water
7. N;Adj Expert
8. V Commute
9. N;V Farm
10. N Smog
11. N;V Air
12. V;N Produce
13. Adj Enormous
14. N Mystery
15. Adj; N individual


B. Complete the chart. Write the appropriate related words under each heading. (X means that no word of that part of speech exists.)
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs
Surprise Surprise Surprising
Surprised Surprisingly
Exactness Exact Exact Exactly
Education
Educator Educate Educational
Educative Educationally
Believer Believe Believable X
Formality Formalize Formal Formally
Origin Originate Original Originally
Preparation Prepare Prepared X
Consideration Consider Considerate Considerately
Survival
Survivor Survive Surviving X